•Dr Priscilia Imade
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, including in Nigeria. To enhance understanding, promote early detection and to round off our discussion on glaucoma, l’m including some of the frequently asked questions that I received.
1. What is glaucoma?
Glaucoma refers to a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, often due to increased intraocular pressure. This damage can lead to vision loss and if untreated, blindness.
2. How common is glaucoma in Nigeria?
Glaucoma is prevalent in Nigeria, with estimates suggesting that 1.1 to 1.4 million people are affected. It is one of the leading causes of blindness in the country.
3. What are the types of glaucoma?
The two main types are:
• Open-angle glaucoma: The most common form, where the eye’s drainage system becomes less efficient over time, leading to increased eye pressure.
• Angle-closure glaucoma: Occurs when the iris is very close to the drainage angle, which can block fluid from exiting the eye, causing a sudden increase in eye pressure.
4. What are the symptoms of glaucoma?
Glaucoma is often called the “silent thief of sight” because it typically has no early symptoms. As the disease progresses, individuals may notice:
• Gradual loss of peripheral vision
• Tunnel vision in advanced stages
In acute angle-closure glaucoma, symptoms can include:
• Severe eye pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Sudden onset of visual disturbance
• Blurred vision
• Halos around lights
5. Who is at risk of developing glaucoma?
Risk factors include:
• Age over 40
• Family history of glaucoma
• Certain medical conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure
• Severe nearsightedness
• Ethnic background, with higher prevalence among Africans
•Use of certain medications like steroids.
6. How is glaucoma diagnosed?
Glaucoma is diagnosed through comprehensive eye examinations, which may include:
• Tonometry: Measures intraocular pressure.
• Perimetry (Visual Field Test): Assesses peripheral vision.
• Gonioscopy: Examines the drainage angle of the eye.
• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Imaging to evaluate the optic nerve.
7. Can glaucoma be cured?
Currently, there is no cure for glaucoma. However, early detection and treatment can slow or prevent further vision loss.
8. What treatment options are available for glaucoma in Nigeria?
Treatment options include:
• Medications: Prescription eye drops to reduce eye pressure.
• Laser therapy: Procedures to improve fluid drainage.
• Surgery: Operations to create new drainage pathways.
The choice of treatment depends on the type and severity of glaucoma.
9. How can I prevent glaucoma from worsening?
To prevent glaucoma progression:
• Have regular comprehensive eye examinations for early detection.
• Adhere to prescribed treatments and medications.
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise.
• Protect your eyes from injury.
10. Where can I get more information about glaucoma in Nigeria?
For more information, consult reputable sources such as:
• Modern Eye Clinic: Offers comprehensive eye care services, including glaucoma diagnosis and management.
• Modern Eye Care Foundation: Engages in public education and advocacy to prevent visual impairments in Nigeria.
Regular eye check-ups and staying informed are important steps in managing and preventing glaucoma-related vision loss.
