•Dr Priscilia Imade
Ocular hypertension is a major risk factor for the development of glaucoma. Ocular hypertension is a condition characterised by higher than normal intraocular pressure (IOP) within the eye.
Intraocular pressure refers to the pressure exerted by the fluid (aqueous humor) present inside the eye, which is necessary to maintain the shape of the eye and provide nutrients to the surrounding tissues.
Normal intraocular pressure typically falls within a range of 10 to 21 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), as measured by a tonometer during an eye exam.
Ocular hypertension is diagnosed when intraocular pressure consistently measures above 21 mm Hg without any signs of optic nerve damage or vision loss.
While ocular hypertension itself does not usually cause symptoms or vision problems, it is considered a significant risk factor for developing glaucoma, a group of eye conditions characterised by optic nerve damage and vision loss. Elevated intraocular pressure is a primary risk factor for glaucoma, although not all individuals with ocular hypertension will develop glaucoma.
Risk factors for ocular hypertension include age (older adults are at higher risk), family history of glaucoma, certain medical conditions such as diabetes and hypertension, and certain ethnic backgrounds (such as Black race).
Regular eye examinations are essential for monitoring intraocular pressure and assessing the overall health of the eyes.
If ocular hypertension is detected, eye care professionals may recommend additional tests to evaluate the optic nerve and visual field for signs of glaucoma.
Treatment for ocular hypertension typically involves close monitoring, lifestyle modifications, and sometimes the use of medications (eye drops) to lower intraocular pressure and reduce the risk of developing glaucoma.
Early detection and management of ocular hypertension are important for preserving eye health and preventing vision loss associated with glaucoma. Individuals with ocular hypertension should work closely with their eye care provider to develop a personalised treatment plan and undergo regular follow-up exams to monitor their eye health over time.
*Dr Priscilia Imade is CEO, Modern Eye Clinic, Lagos. E-mail: moderneyecliniclagos@gmail.com
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