•Dr Priscilia Imade
The eyes, windows to our world, are vulnerable to various conditions that can affect their health and function. One such condition that often catches attention due to its appearance and potential impact on vision is pterygium.
Pterygium, pronounced as “tuh-RIJ-ee-uhm,” is a non-cancerous growth of tissue on the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye (sclera).
This growth can extend onto the cornea, the transparent front part of the eye, leading to visual disturbances and discomfort.
Causes and Risk Factors
Several factors contribute to the development of pterygium:
•UV radiation: Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, such as sunlight, is a significant risk factor. This is why pterygium is more common in individuals who live in sunny climates or spend a lot of time outdoors.
•Environmental factors: Exposure to dust, wind, dry air, and pollutants can irritate the eyes and contribute to pterygium formation.
•Genetics: Family history may play a role, suggesting a genetic predisposition to developing pterygium.
•Occupational exposures: Certain occupations that involve outdoor work or exposure to environmental irritants may increase the risk.
Symptoms and Presentation
Pterygium may present with the following signs and symptoms:
•Visible growth: A fleshy, triangular growth on the conjunctiva, often extending onto the cornea.
•Redness: The affected area may appear red or inflamed.
•Irritation: Sensation of a foreign body or gritty feeling in the eye.
•Dryness: Reduced tear production or increased evaporation leading to dry eye symptoms.
•Blurry vision: If the pterygium encroaches onto the cornea, it can distort vision and cause astigmatism.
Progression and Complications
If left untreated, pterygium can progress and lead to complications such as:
•Corneal involvement: The growth may cover part of the cornea, affecting vision and causing irregular astigmatism.
•Visual disturbances: Blurred vision, glare, and difficulty with night vision.
•Recurrence: Pterygium can sometimes grow back after surgical removal, especially if underlying risk factors like UV exposure persist.
Management and Treatment
Management of pterygium involves a combination of preventive measures and treatment options:
•UV protection: Wearing sunglasses that block both UVA and UVB rays and using wide-brimmed hats to shield the eyes from sunlight.
•Artificial tears: Lubricating eye drops to alleviate dryness and discomfort.
•Steroid eye drops: In some cases, steroid eye drops may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and control growth.
•Surgical removal: If the pterygium causes significant vision impairment, discomfort, or cosmetic concerns, surgical removal may be recommended. The procedure involves excising the growth and may include techniques to reduce the risk of recurrence.
Conclusion
Regular eye examinations and proactive eye care practices are essential in preserving clear vision and maintaining ocular comfort and preventing pterygium.
*Dr Priscilia Imade is CEO, Modern Eye Clinic, Lagos.
E-mail: moderneyecliniclagos@gmail.com
Another edition of the column returns on Monday in The Frontier.
